2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

Toll-like Receptor (TLR)

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors usually expressed in sentinel cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells, that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses. The TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13. Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganism and are involved in sensing endogenous danger signals. TLRs are evolutionarily conserved receptors are homologues of the Drosophila Toll protein, discovered to be important for defense against microbial infection. TLRs recognize highly conserved structural motifs known as pathogen-associated microbial patterns (PAMPs), which are exclusively expressed by microbial pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Specific Products:

Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-17589A
    Chloroquine
    		Inhibitor 99.82%
    Chloroquine is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
    Chloroquine
  • HY-D1056
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5
    		Activator
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 is an endotoxin extracted from E. coli O55:B5, consisting of an antigen-specific chain, A core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 activates TLR-4 of immune cells. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 can induce the change of body temperature in rats with dose and serotype specificity. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5 caused a heterogeneous and dose-independent increase in body temperature in rats.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O55:B5
  • HY-11109
    Resatorvid
    		Inhibitor 99.95%
    Resatorvid (TAK-242) is a selective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor. Resatorvid inhibits NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production with IC50s of 1.8 nM, 1.9 nM and 1.3 nM, respectively. Resatorvid downregulates expression of TLR4 downstream signaling molecules MyD88 and TRIF. Resatorvid inhibits autophagy and plays pivotal role in various inflammatory diseases.
    Resatorvid
  • HY-13740
    Resiquimod
    		Agonist 99.95%
    Resiquimod is a Toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) agonist that induces the upregulation of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-α.
    Resiquimod
  • HY-107202
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
    		Agonist 99.40%
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RIG-I and MDA5). Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid can directly trigger cancer cells to undergo apoptosis.
    Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
  • HY-150743C
    ODN 2395 sodium
    		Agonist
    ODN 2395 sodium is a C class oligodeoxynucleotide and can be used as vaccine adjuvant. ODN 2395 sodium is also a TLR9 agonist. Sequence: 5'-tcgtcgttttcggcgc:gcgccg-3'.
    ODN 2395 sodium
  • HY-150726C
    ODN 1668 sodium
    		Agonist ≥99.0%
    ODN 1668 sodium, a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR-9 agonist. ODN 1668 sodium is an immunostimulatory sequence and can be used as vaccine adjuvant. Sequence: 5'-tccatgacgttcctgatgct-3’.
    ODN 1668 sodium
  • HY-D1056A1
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4
    Lipopolysaccharides are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR-4 activators that activate pathogenicity-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the immune system and induce cell secretion of migrasomes. Lipopolysaccharides can be extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are composed of an antigenic O-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4 is a kind of endotoxins derived from E. coli.
    Lipopolysaccharides, from E. coli O111:B4
  • HY-17589
    Chloroquine phosphate
    		Inhibitor 99.89%
    Chloroquine phosphate is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine phosphate is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine phosphate is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
    Chloroquine phosphate
  • HY-100461
    C29
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    C29 is a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) inhibitor. C29 blocks hTLR2/1 and hTLR2/6 signaling with IC50s of 19.7 and 37.6 μM, respectively.
    C29
  • HY-W031727
    Hydroxychloroquine
    		Inhibitor ≥98.0%
    Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a synthetic oral antimalarial drug that can be used in the study of malaria and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine is a potent autophagic flux inhibitor with antiviral activity (such as SARS-CoV-2 virus) that inhibits Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling.
    Hydroxychloroquine
  • HY-B0180
    Imiquimod
    		Agonist 99.96%
    Imiquimod (R 837), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
    Imiquimod
  • HY-B1370
    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
    		Inhibitor 99.99%
    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ sulfate) is a synthetic antimalarial agent which can also inhibit Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9) signaling. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.
    Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
  • HY-P1180A
    Pam3CSK4 TFA
    		Agonist 99.66%
    Pam3CSK4 TFA is a toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) agonist with an EC50 of 0.47 ng/mL for human TLR1/2.
    Pam3CSK4 TFA
  • HY-153808
    Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)
    Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an immunoadjuvant emulsified with antigen by its discoverer Jules T. Freund to enhance an animal's immune response to an antigen. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is also an inducer of the Th1 immune response and a ligand of TLRs. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) contains heat-killed inactive tuberculosis bacilli and consists of a paraffin oil-in-water emulsion. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) stimulates a strong and durable immune response and can be used to induce persistent inflammatory pain models in mice, experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) models, and more. Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) (HY-153808A) is another type of Freund's Adjuvant that stimulates a weaker immune response.
    Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)
  • HY-108473
    CU-CPT 4a
    		Inhibitor 99.34%
    CU-CPT 4a (TLR3-IN-1) is a potent, highly selective TLR3 signaling inhibitor. CU-CPT 4a represses the expression of downstream signaling pathways mediated by the TLR3/dsRNA complex, including TNF-α and IL-1β.
    CU-CPT 4a
  • HY-134581
    Enpatoran
    		Inhibitor 99.77%
    Enpatoran (M5049) is a potent, orally active and dual TLR7/8 inhibitor with IC50s of 11.1 nM and 24.1 nM in HEK293 cells, respectively. Enpatoran is inactive against TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9. Enpatoran can block molecule synthetic ligands and natural endogenous RNA ligands. Enpatoran exhibits excellent pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. Enpatoran can be used for both innate and adaptive autoimmunity blocking research .
    Enpatoran
  • HY-146245
    ODN 1826
    		Agonist
    ODN 1826 (CpG 1826), a class B CpG ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide), is a TLR9 agonist. ODN 1826 promotes Apoptosis. ODN 1826 is an excellent immune stimulator with antitumor activity. ODN 1826 has protective effects on the heart. ODN 1826 sequence: 5’-tccatgacgttcctgacgtt-3’.
    ODN 1826
  • HY-129522
    Sulfo-ara-F-NMN
    		Activator 99.36%
    Sulfo-ara-F-NMN (CZ-48) is a mimetic of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Sulfo-ara-F-NMN acts selectively, activating SARM1 but inhibiting CD38 (IC50 around 10 μM). Sulfo-ara-F-NMN induces intracellular cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) production.
    Sulfo-ara-F-NMN
  • HY-B0180A
    Imiquimod hydrochloride
    		Agonist 99.77%
    Imiquimod hydrochloride (R 837 hydrochloride), an immune response modifier, is a selective toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist. Imiquimod hydrochloride exhibits antiviral and antitumor effects in vivo. Imiquimod hydrochloride can be used for the research of external genital, perianal warts, cancer and COVID-19.
    Imiquimod hydrochloride
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Isoform Comparison

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